Maelezo ya jumla
Kuvunjika mfupa ni hali ya kupata ufa au mvujiko kwenye mfupa kwa sababu ya kupigwa na kitu kizito au kwa sababu ya kukunja au kuzungusha mfupa kwa ghafla. Mfupa uliovunjika unaweza kutoboa ngozi na kutokeza nje au unaweza usitokeze nje japo umevunjika.
Kuteguka mfupa ni hali ya kuvutwa au kutenganishwa kwa mifupa miwili ambayo kwa hali ya kawaida huwa imeungwa. Dalili za kuvujika au kuteguka mifupa ni pamoja na kuvimba, kuvia damu ndani ya ngozi na kuharibika au kubadilika kwa umbo au mwonekano wa eneo lililoumia, maumivu na kushindwa kujongesha au kutembeza eneo lililoathirika. Kwa mvunjiko mkubwa sana wa mfupa, kwa mfano wa mfupa wa paja, unaweza kusababisha kuvuja damu nyingi sana na hata kutishia maisha.
Mwone daktari haraka kama umevunjika mfupa
Pata msaada wa kitabibu haraka iwezekanavyo kama unadhani umevunjika mfupa au umeteguka maungio.
Mambo unayoweza kufanya wewe mwenyewe kama umevunjika mfupa
Kutibu mkono uliovunjika
Lengo kuu ni kuzuia damu kuvuja, kuutegemeza mkono uliovunjika na kumsafirisha mgonjwa kwenda kituo cha afya. Usimuhamishe mgonjwa kabla haujaufunga ua kuutegemeza mkono, isipokuwa kama yuko sehemu ambayo ni ya hatari. Unaweza kutibu mkono ulioteguka kwa njia hii hii. Usijaribu kuuzungusha, kuurudisha mahala pake au kuutengeneza mfupa uliovunjika.
- Kama mgonjwa anaweza kukunja mkono, mwambie aushikilie au kuutegemeza kwa kutumia mkono mwingine. Kama mfupa umetoboa ngozi na kutokeza nje, vaa glavu kama zipo na funika jeraha kwa kutumia kitambaa safi. Kandamiza au ongeza shinikizo kwenye jeraha ili kuzuia damu kuvuja, lakini, kuwa makini usibonyeze mfupa.
- Tengeneza manati kwa kutumia kitambaa au ‘’bandage’’ ili iweze kutumika kuubebea mkono kama inavyoonekana kwenye picha. Usimruhusu mgonjwa kula, kunywa au kuvuta sigara, kwa sababu kuna uwezekano atahitaji kuchomwa sindano ya nusu kaputi kwa ajili ya upasuaji. Kula au kunywa kunaongeza hatari ya kupaliwa ukiwa kwenye nusu kaputi.
- Kama mgonjwa hawezi kukunja mkono, muombe alale chini na uweke nguo kutegemeza kiwiko, kisha subiri usafiri kumpeleka hospitali.
Kutibu mguu au nyonga iliyovunjika
Lengo kuu ni kulinda eneo lililoumia, omba msaada na tafuta usafiri na kama mguu umevunjika jaribu kuzuia damu kuvuja. Usimuhamishe mgonjwa kabla ya kufunga au kutegemeza eneo lililoumia, isipokuwa kama yuko eneo hatari. Usijaribu kamwe kunyoosha au kurudisha mfupa ndani au sehemu yake, uache kama ulivyo.
- Omba msaada na anza kutafuta usafiri wa kwenda kituo cha afya. Kama mfupa umetoboa ngozi na kutokeza nje, vaa glavu kama zipo na funika kidonda kwa kitambaa safi. Kaza au ongeza shinikizo kwenye eneo lililoumia ili kuzuia damu kuvuja, lakini kuwa makini usibonyeze mfupa ulipokatikia.
- Kama mguu umevunjika, kunja blanketi, shuka au jaketi alilovaa na ulizungushe kuzunguka eneo lililovunjika. Usimruhusu mgonjwa kula, kunywa, au kuvuta sigara, kwa sababu anaweza kuhitaji kuchomwa sindano ya nusu kaputi kwa ajili ya upasuaji. Kula kitu chochote kunaongeza uwezekano wa kupaliwa wakati wa upasuaji. Kama itabidi kumpeleka mgonjwa kwenye kituo cha afya, hakikisha mguu umetegemezwa vizuri, kwa kitu kigumu ili usichezecheze na kusababisha maumivu na uharibifu zaidi. Tumia ubao mgumu mwepesi, boksi gumu lililokunjwa vizuri, kipande cha plastiki kigumu kinachoweza kutegemeza mguu.
- Kwa nyonga iliyovunjika, mlaze mgonjwa chini, ikiwezekana kichwa kiwe chini kidogo usawa wa mwili ili kuruhusu damu kufika vizuri kichwani. Jeraha linalosababisha nyonga kuvunjika au kupasuka linaweza kusababisha damu nyingi kuvuja ndani kwa ndani hata kutishia maisha. Mfunge kwa kutumia blanketi au shuka kuzunguka mwili wake na ikiwezekana weka mto chini ya magoti ili kuyategemeza. Kama itabidi wewe mwenyewe kumuhamisha kwenda kituo cha afya, usimuhamishe mwenyewe, omba msaada. Mgonjwa hapaswi kujikunja, ni vizuri kubebwa kwenye machela ngumu, isiwe ya kamba au kitambaa. Kama hii haiwezekani , jitahidi mgonjwa ababwe bila kukunjwa, ikibidi omba msaada wa watu wengi wakusaidie kumweka kwenye gari. KAMA INAWEZEKANA, SUBIRI GARI LA KITUO CHA FYA, LINA WATAALAMU WALIOFUNZWA ILI WASIONGEZE MADHARA.
- Fuatilia na rekodi upumuaji wa mgonjwa, mapigo ya moyo na kama mgonjwa ana fhamu mara kwa mara. Kama nyonga au mfupa mwingine mkubwa umevunjia, jiandae kutibu mshtuko unatokana na kupungukiwa na damu. Kama mgonjwa akipoteza fahamu, kuwa tayari kufanya CPR
Angalia pia: Namna ya kufanya CPR (makala hii itapatikana siku chache zijazo)
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Equilibrado
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